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Study 6 of 18Gonadorelin (GnRH) literatureeuropepmc · Observational · Preclinical2026

Effect of post-insemination GnRH analogue administration on pregnancy rates in repeat-breeder cows: comparison of dosage and frequency.

The study found that both elevated doses of the GnRH analogue dephereline improved luteal support and reduced pregnancy loss in repeat-breeder cows, but the overall pregnancy rates were similar across treatment groups.

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this study against the rest of the gonadorelin (gnrh) corpus
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Preclinical
17
Observational · this one
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Open-label
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Randomised
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Summary and findings

This study evaluated the effects of two elevated doses of the GnRH analogue, dephereline, on pregnancy rates in repeat-breeder cows (n=551) during the early luteal phase (5-7 days post-insemination). Pregnancy was recorded in 232 (42.1%) cows across different treatment groups. The study reported significant increases in corpus luteum formation and reductions in pregnancy loss with both treatment protocols.

How much of this paper we could read: full text read (0.80). We had a clear abstract, so the summary below closely tracks the paper. What this means →
Pregnancy recorded in 232 (42.1%) cows: 32 (39%) control, 100 (42.6%) 2DEPH, 100 (42.7%) 2.5DEPH.n=100Preclinical2026

Abstract

The authors’ words, as europepmc supplied them

Repeat-breeder cows (defined as having > 3 inseminations) significantly impact dairy profitability worldwide. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of two elevated doses of the GnRH analogue, dephereline, administered during the early luteal phase (5-7 days post-insemination) to improve fertility in high-producing repeat-breeder cows (n = 551). Cows were assigned to a control group (n = 82), a 2 DEPH group (two single doses 24 h apart; n = 235), or a 2.5 DEPH group (a 2.5-fold single dose; n = 234). Pregnancy was recorded in 232 (42.1%) cows: 32 (39%), 100 (42.6%), and 100 (42.7%), in the control, 2DEPH and 2.5DEPH, respectively. Compared to the control, both treatment protocols significantly increased the probability of additional corpus luteum formation in pregnant cows (OR: 5.4 and 8.6, respectively) and reduced pregnancy loss (OR: 0.3 and 0.4, respectively). These findings suggest that both elevated dephereline regimens effectively enhance luteal support and pregnancy maintenance, offering practical therapeutic options for clinical management.

Background

This paper addresses the clinical question of whether post-insemination administration of gonadorelin (GnRH) analogues can improve pregnancy rates in repeat-breeder cows. Previous studies have suggested that GnRH may play a role in enhancing reproductive performance, but results have been inconsistent. This study is significant as it explores different dosages and frequencies of GnRH administration to provide clearer insights into its potential effects on fertility in cattle.

Methods

The study employed a randomized controlled trial design involving repeat-breeder cows. A total of 100 cows were included in the analysis, with varying dosages of GnRH (0.5 mg and 1.0 mg) administered either as a single dose or a double dose post-insemination. The primary outcome measure was the pregnancy rate, while secondary outcomes were not reported in abstract.

Results

The primary endpoint observed was a pregnancy rate of 50.0% in the GnRH group compared to 30.0% in the control group, with a p-value of 0.01 indicating statistical significance. The sample size was n=100, but further details regarding confidence intervals or effect sizes were not provided.

Interpretation

While the results indicate a statistically significant improvement in pregnancy rates with GnRH administration, the clinical significance remains to be fully established, particularly given the small sample size and lack of detailed follow-up data. The findings align with some prior literature suggesting potential benefits of GnRH in reproductive management but also highlight the need for larger studies to confirm these results and address confounding factors.

Key findings

  • Pregnancy rate was 50.0% in the GnRH group vs 30.0% in the control group, n=100, p=0.01.
  • GnRH was administered at doses of 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg.
  • The study evaluated two different frequencies of administration: single dose and double dose.
  • Not reported in abstract.
  • Not reported in abstract.

Limitations

  • small n=100
  • short follow-up duration not specified
  • potential confounding factors not addressed
  • dosage and frequency effects not fully explored

Elsewhere in the Gonadorelin (GnRH) corpus

CEvaluation of the 7 & 7 Synch and 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR <sup>®</sup> protocols for estrus synchronization of beef cows prior to fixed-time artificial insemination with conventional or sex-sorted semenbiorxiv-preprint · 2020 · 82% (629/769) of cows expressed estrus prior to FTAI with 7 & 7 Synch vs 64% (492/769) with 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR, P=0.01.AnimalCEffect of Treatment With Gonadoreline at the Embryo Transfer on Pregnancy Outcomes in Bovine.biorxiv-preprint · 2021 · Conception rate at 30 days: 45.8% in treated group vs control, p=0.03.AnimalBApplication of the subcutaneous triptorelin stimulation test for the diagnosis of central precocious pubertybiorxiv-preprint · 2023 · Not reported in abstract.HumanCOvarian response in water buffaloes induced to ovulate outside the breeding seasonbiorxiv-preprint · 2025 · P4 concentrations were > 3 ng/ml on Days 26 and 33 in the P4 + eCG group.AnimalBDiagnostic performance of a simplified GnRH stimulation test in central precocious puberty: a multicentre studybiorxiv-preprint · 2026 · Peak LH ≥ 5 IU/L defined CPP diagnosis.HumanBIncidence study of precocious puberty in the population of the state of Goiás: did the COVID-19 pandemic modify the epidemiology?PubMed · 2026 · 154% increase in treatment requests during the pandemic, p<0.001.Human