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Study 19 of 19Gonadorelin (GnRH) literatureVeterinary and animal science · Observational2026

Effects of extending interval between presynchronization and breeding protocols and prostaglandin F2α administration before breeding protocol on reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows during summer.

Extending the interval between breeding protocols decreased pregnancy risk without improving follicle size, and PGF2α administration did not enhance fertility despite lowering progesterone levels.

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Where it sits

this study against the rest of the gonadorelin (gnrh) corpus
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Preclinical
18
Observational · this one
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Open-label
1
Randomised
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Summary and findings

This study evaluated the effects of a two-day extension in interval between presynchronization and breeding protocols and the administration of prostaglandin F2α on reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows during summer. The study involved 610 cows divided into four groups based on treatment protocols. The findings indicated that extending the interval decreased pregnancy risk and that PGF2α administration did not improve fertility despite reducing progesterone concentration.

How much of this paper we could read: full text read (0.80). We had a clear abstract, so the summary below closely tracks the paper. What this means →
Pregnancy risk decreased with a two-day extension in interval (P < 0.05).2026

Abstract

The authors’ words, as Veterinary and animal science supplied them

Small size of follicle, which may be due to summer, and high progesterone (P4) could hamper the ovulatory response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the beginning of GnRH-based protocols for estrus synchronization (GnRH-1), thus decreasing fertility. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two-day extension in interval between presynchronization (Ovsynch) and breeding (Heatsynch) protocols and administration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF<sub>2α</sub>) two days before breeding protocol on size of the largest follicle (LF) and P4 concentration (PC) at GnRH-1, respectively, and fertility of cows during summer. Cows were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, including: 1) O7DH (cows with 7-day interval between Ovsynch and Heatsynch; n = 153), 2) O7DH+PG (cows with 7-day interval between Ovsynch and Heatsynch plus administration of PGF<sub>2α</sub> two days before Heatsynch; n = 156), 3) O9DH (cows with 9-day interval between Ovsynch and Heatsynch; n = 147), and 4) O9DH+PG (cows with 9-day interval between Ovsynch and Heatsynch plus administration of PGF<sub>2α</sub> two days before Heatsynch; n = 154). Further, cows were subjected to ultrasonographic examination and blood sampling at GnRH-1. Extension of the interval between Ovsynch and Heatsynch did not affect size of LF at GnRH-1 (P > 0.05); however, it decreased pregnancy risk (P < 0.05). Administration of PGF<sub>2α</sub> two days before Heatsynch decreased PC at GnRH-1 (P < 0.05), but it did not affect pregnancy risk (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the present study revealed that additional two days before breeding protocol did not increase follicle size at GnRH-1 and reduced fertility. Furthermore, PGF<sub>2α</sub> administration before breeding protocol could not improve fertility of cows despite reducing PC at GnRH-1.

Elsewhere in the Gonadorelin (GnRH) corpus

CEvaluation of the 7 & 7 Synch and 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR <sup>®</sup> protocols for estrus synchronization of beef cows prior to fixed-time artificial insemination with conventional or sex-sorted semenbiorxiv-preprint · 2020 · 82% (629/769) of cows expressed estrus prior to FTAI with 7 & 7 Synch vs 64% (492/769) with 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR, P=0.01.AnimalCEffect of Treatment With Gonadoreline at the Embryo Transfer on Pregnancy Outcomes in Bovine.biorxiv-preprint · 2021 · Conception rate at 30 days: 45.8% in treated group vs control, p=0.03.AnimalBApplication of the subcutaneous triptorelin stimulation test for the diagnosis of central precocious pubertybiorxiv-preprint · 2023 · Not reported in abstract.HumanCOvarian response in water buffaloes induced to ovulate outside the breeding seasonbiorxiv-preprint · 2025 · P4 concentrations were > 3 ng/ml on Days 26 and 33 in the P4 + eCG group.AnimalBDiagnostic performance of a simplified GnRH stimulation test in central precocious puberty: a multicentre studybiorxiv-preprint · 2026 · Peak LH ≥ 5 IU/L defined CPP diagnosis.HumanBIncidence study of precocious puberty in the population of the state of Goiás: did the COVID-19 pandemic modify the epidemiology?PubMed · 2026 · 154% increase in treatment requests during the pandemic, p<0.001.Human