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Study 2 of 18Gonadorelin (GnRH) literatureeuropepmc · Observational2026

A new cetrorelix-based estrogen-free ovarian synchronization protocol for fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle.

Cetrorelix can lead to earlier follicular wave emergence and larger dominant follicles compared to estradiol, but pregnancy rates were similar between the two treatments.

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Where it sits

this study against the rest of the gonadorelin (gnrh) corpus
0
Preclinical
17
Observational · this one
0
Open-label
1
Randomised
0
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Summary and findings

This study evaluated the effects of a GnRH antagonist, cetrorelix, combined with progesterone on ovarian synchronization in cattle. The study involved heifers and postpartum beef cows, comparing cetrorelix to estradiol. The results indicated differences in follicular wave emergence and dominant follicle size, but pregnancy rates were similar between groups.

How much of this paper we could read: full text read (0.80). We had a clear abstract, so the summary below closely tracks the paper. What this means →
Pregnancy rates were not different (P ≤ 0.48) between treatment groups in Experiment 1 (Cetrorelix 78.9%, Estradiol 68.4%) or Experiment 2 (Cetrorelix 42.5%, Estradiol 45.3%).2026

Abstract

The authors’ words, as europepmc supplied them

The objective was to test the hypotheses that treatment with a GnRH antagonist, cetrorelix, in combination with progesterone will i) induce synchronous emergence of a new follicular wave and ovulation in cattle at random stages of the ovarian cycle, and ii) result in a pregnancy rate similar to that of an estradiol-based protocol. In Experiment 1, heifers at unknown days of the cycle (Day 0) were given a progesterone-releasing device (CIDR) and either 3 mg cetrorelix im (Cetrorelix; n = 19) or 2 mg estradiol benzoate (Estradiol; n = 19). CIDR devices were removed on Day 8 and heifers were given prostaglandin. Heifers were artificially inseminated on Day 10 and given gonadorelin. Heifers that had not yet ovulated on Day 11 were inseminated again. In Experiment 2, the above protocol was replicated in suckled post-partum beef cows at random stages of the ovarian cycle (n = 106 per group) but only one insemination was performed at 54 h after CIDR removal. In Experiment 1, new follicular wave emergence occurred earlier (P < 0.01) in the Cetrorelix group (2.4 ± 0.2 days) than the Estradiol group (3.8 ± 0.2 days). The dominant follicle was larger in the Cetrorelix than the Estradiol (P ≤ 0.03) on Day 8 (11.3 ± 0.4 vs 9.8 ± 0.3 mm) and Day 10 (13.1 ± 0.3 vs 11.9 ± 0.4 mm). Pregnancy rates were not different (P ≤ 0.48) between treatment groups in Experiment 1 (Cetrorelix 78.9%, Estradiol 68.4%) or Experiment 2 (Cetrorelix 42.5%, Estradiol 45.3%). We conclude that a simple cetrorelix-based synchronization protocol is effective in heifers and suckling beef cows, and is a viable alternative to estradiol-based protocols.

Background

The paper addresses the need for effective ovarian synchronization protocols in beef cattle to improve reproductive efficiency. Previous studies have utilized various hormonal treatments, but the efficacy of a cetrorelix-based approach remains unclear. This study aims to fill that gap by evaluating a new protocol's effectiveness.

Methods

The study design, population, sample size, dose, duration, and route of administration are not reported in the abstract. Primary and secondary outcome measures are also not specified.

Results

Not reported in abstract.

Interpretation

Due to the lack of reported findings, it is difficult to compare this study's results with prior literature or assess the clinical significance of the findings. The absence of detailed results limits the ability to draw any conclusions about the effectiveness of the new protocol.

Key findings

  • Not reported in abstract.
  • Not reported in abstract.
  • Not reported in abstract.

Limitations

  • Not reported in abstract.
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Elsewhere in the Gonadorelin (GnRH) corpus

CEvaluation of the 7 & 7 Synch and 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR <sup>®</sup> protocols for estrus synchronization of beef cows prior to fixed-time artificial insemination with conventional or sex-sorted semenbiorxiv-preprint · 2020 · 82% (629/769) of cows expressed estrus prior to FTAI with 7 & 7 Synch vs 64% (492/769) with 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR, P=0.01.AnimalCEffect of Treatment With Gonadoreline at the Embryo Transfer on Pregnancy Outcomes in Bovine.biorxiv-preprint · 2021 · Conception rate at 30 days: 45.8% in treated group vs control, p=0.03.AnimalBApplication of the subcutaneous triptorelin stimulation test for the diagnosis of central precocious pubertybiorxiv-preprint · 2023 · Not reported in abstract.HumanCOvarian response in water buffaloes induced to ovulate outside the breeding seasonbiorxiv-preprint · 2025 · P4 concentrations were > 3 ng/ml on Days 26 and 33 in the P4 + eCG group.AnimalBDiagnostic performance of a simplified GnRH stimulation test in central precocious puberty: a multicentre studybiorxiv-preprint · 2026 · Peak LH ≥ 5 IU/L defined CPP diagnosis.HumanBIncidence study of precocious puberty in the population of the state of Goiás: did the COVID-19 pandemic modify the epidemiology?PubMed · 2026 · 154% increase in treatment requests during the pandemic, p<0.001.Human