Grade B · human evidence, early3 peptides · 77 studies
Immune & thymic support sketch
Immune-modulation oriented protocol sketch around Thymosin Alpha-1, Sermorelin, and NAD+.
This is a description, not a protocol to follow
Everything below is a summary of what people report doing and what the literature contains. Nothing here is medical advice.
What the evidence actually supports
Supported in animals
Animal-model studies indexed · 20
Cell and in-vitro studies indexed · 21
Reviews and uncategorised studies · 15
Not established
Any effect in humans · 21 human studies indexed
Any benefit from combining them · no combination study in our index
Human dose, route or duration · no PK study indexed
Protocol details
The combination of Thymosin Alpha-1, Sermorelin, and NAD+ has not been studied together in published research. Each compound has been investigated separately, but no trials have assessed their effects as a combined protocol.
Sermorelin has been evaluated in various contexts, including its application in wound healing, where a study reported a 99.37% closure of infected full-thickness wounds in a rat model using a bioactive dressing that incorporated electrical stimulation [1]. Another study involving human subjects focused on the need for additional treatment in cases of residual adenocarcinoma after endoscopic papillectomy, emphasizing the importance of careful observation in selected cases [2].
NAD+ has been the subject of multiple studies, primarily in animal models. One study explored its role in mitochondrial metabolism and bone regeneration, demonstrating that a nano-enhancer could shift mesenchymal stem cell metabolism to improve bone healing in rats [6]. Other research investigated the genetic factors influencing NAD+ metabolism in relation to bacterial infections, although the specific outcomes were not detailed in the abstracts [8].
Thymosin Alpha-1 has also been studied independently, with one study identifying novel antimicrobial peptides in fish that respond to bacterial infections, thereby contributing to the understanding of immune responses [15]. Another investigation focused on Thymosin β4, which was shown to reduce inflammatory markers in microglial cells subjected to pyroptosis in vitro, although its clinical relevance remains uncertain [24].
Overall, while individual studies provide insights into the potential roles of Thymosin Alpha-1, Sermorelin, and NAD+, the lack of research on their combined effects means that no conclusions can be drawn about their synergistic or additive benefits.
Sources
[1] Photothermal-magnetic dual-activated Janus dressing for microenvironment purification and wireless electrically triggered healing with reduced scar formation. — Bioactive materials, 2026 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.08.012
[2] Evaluation of Additional Treatment for Residual Cases After Endoscopic Papillectomy of Duodenal Ampullary Tumors. — DEN open, 2026 https://doi.org/10.1002/deo2.70374
[6] Mitochondrial-targeted nano-enhancer driving a self-amplifying NAD<sup>+</sup> feedback loop to reprogram MSC spheroids metabolism for accelerated bone regeneration. — Biomaterials, 2026 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2026.124478
[8] Phage anti-defense genes targeting NAD<sup>+</sup> metabolism and DNA replication are associated with a broad host range against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. — Virulence, 2026 https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2026.2709261
[15] Identification of novel antimicrobial peptides and histone-derived cryptides in the hepatic transcriptome of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected with Streptococcus agalactiae. — Fish & shellfish immunology, 2026 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111663
[24] [Thymosin β4 inhibits pyroptosis in BV2 microglial cells: a mechanistic study <i>in vitro</i>]. — Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics, 2024 https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2512120
Research & studies for this protocol
77 rows · showing 24Newest first
| Study | Compound | Source | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| This study investigated the role of SIRT3 in procoagulant platelet formation using platelets from Sirt3 knockout mice and littermate controls. The findings indicated that SIRT3 does not alter mitochondrial respiration or procoagulant platelet generation in response to agonist stimulation. No specific dose was reported. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| The review discusses the FDA approval of 46 drug marketing applications in 2025, focusing on 31 small molecule drugs. It highlights advancements in drug design technologies and the significance of me-too drugs in enhancing potency and development efficiency. The paper aims to provide insights into the development processes of these drugs for future research inspiration. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| The study investigated nicotinamide-derived carbon dots (NAM-CDs) for targeted photothermal therapy in cancer. NAM-CDs showed enhanced binding to Ki67, a tumor marker, and demonstrated effective tumor ablation in vivo. Complete tumor regression was observed over a 30-day period following laser irradiation. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| The study developed a mitochondria-targeted nano-enhancer to modulate energy metabolism in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroids for bone regeneration. The nano-enhancer shifts MSC metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, enhancing osteogenic capacity in vitro and bone regeneration in a rat model. The approach involves a self-amplifying NAD+ feedback loop activated by a PQQ cofactor. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| Not reported in abstract. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | PubMed | 2026 |
| This study investigates a broad-host-range phage, vB_KP_P4, that targets 109 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, including multidrug-resistant isolates. The research identifies three phage-encoded genes linked to its ability to infect diverse strains. The deletion of these genes reduced the host range significantly. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study evaluated a Janus dressing designed for wound healing and scar reduction. The dressing was tested in a rat model and achieved 99.37% closure of infected full-thickness wounds. The dressing utilized electrical stimulation and antibacterial properties to enhance healing. | Sermorelin | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study characterized the complete mitochondrial genomes of four non-native freshwater snail taxa in Australia and one potential invader species. Using long-read sequencing, 15 complete mitogenomes were assembled and compared across three snail families. The findings provide molecular references for biosecurity and vector surveillance efforts. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| This narrative review evaluates the potential of berberine (BBR) as a therapeutic candidate for multiple sclerosis (MS) by examining preclinical evidence from animal models. BBR has shown to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote remyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and cuprizone-induced demyelination models. The review highlights the need for clinical trials to validate these findings. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study evaluated the efficacy of tannins as silage additives to inhibit protein deamination during ensiling through a meta-analysis and in silico approach. The meta-analysis showed significant reductions in NH₃-N, non-protein nitrogen, and soluble nitrogen concentrations with tannin supplementation. Molecular docking simulations identified terflavin B as the most stable ligand with the lowest binding free energy. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| A high-purity mogroside ingredient containing siamenoside I was evaluated for safety and genotoxicity using in vitro assays and animal studies. No biologically-relevant mutagenic or genotoxic effects were observed at concentrations up to 5000 µg/mL. The NOAEL was determined to be 50,000 ppm in both 28-day and 90-day studies in rats. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| The study reports on the directed evolution of an alcohol oxidase from Gloeophyllum trabeum, resulting in a variant with improved catalytic efficiency and formaldehyde tolerance. The optimized enzyme, GtAOX_M3, shows a sixfold increase in catalytic efficiency and enhanced performance in methanol bioconversion. It facilitates the conversion of methanol to dihydroxyacetone and ethylene glycol in multienzyme systems. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| The study engineered P450 OleP to enhance its catalytic efficiency in converting lithocholic acid to murideoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acids. The S240A mutant improved the MDCA conversion rate from 32.5% to 98.3%. The F84Q/S240A/V291G/E89N mutant increased the UDCA conversion rate from 6.5% to 12.1%. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study identified antimicrobial peptides and histone-derived cryptides in Nile tilapia infected with Streptococcus agalactiae. High-throughput RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR were used to evaluate the expression of 13 high-confidence candidates. The study highlights the structural divergence of piscidin variants and the transcriptional response of AMPs over a 48-hour post-infection period. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study evaluated the prognosis and outcomes of additional treatment for residual adenocarcinoma and adenoma following endoscopic papillectomy in 43 patients. The study found that among 12 cases of adenocarcinoma, 10 had pathological residuals, with four undergoing additional surgery but no cancer detected. Additionally, 31 cases of residual adenoma were identified, with recurrence in three cases managed endoscopically. | Sermorelin | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study investigated a Zn-based scaffold designed to enhance bone regeneration in a rabbit model. The scaffold, termed the 'Osteogenic Conditioning Scaffold' (OCS), was evaluated for its effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and new bone formation. The findings suggest that the OCS may promote osteogenic differentiation and new bone formation. | Sermorelin | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study engineered complete biallelic POR knockout in human adrenal-derived NCI-H295R and HEK293T cells to investigate the effects on steroidogenesis. The findings indicated a blockade in canonical steroidogenesis with upstream accumulation of pregnenolone and progesterone, and depletion of downstream glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. The study also evaluated the functional complementation of clinically relevant POR variants. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | biorxiv-preprint | 2026 |
| This study examined the genetic associations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursors with type 2 diabetes across diverse ancestry groups. It analyzed S-PrediXcan TWAS results from five groups using 10 NMN-informed KEGG gene sets. The strongest signal was a negative fatty-acid-degradation association in the European group with Stouffer Z = −9.70 and permutation p = 0.0077. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | biorxiv-preprint | 2026 |
| Not reported in abstract. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | PubMed | 2026 |
| This study investigated the role of MYT1 and ST18 genes in regulating human beta cell insulin secretion and survival. Primary human beta cells were subjected to shRNA knockdown of MYT1 or ST18, and their effects on beta cell function were assessed. The findings suggest that MYT1 and ST18 are involved in preventing beta cell failure under stress conditions. | Sermorelin | PubMed | 2026 |
| This study examined the vaginal microbiota in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy controls. It found that women with GDM had reduced Lactobacillus and increased Gardnerella abundance. Associations were noted between Gardnerella levels and maternal glycaemic status as well as fetal birthweight percentiles. | Sermorelin | PubMed | 2026 |
| Not reported in abstract. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | PubMed | 2026 |
| This study assessed the reproducibility of phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in measuring brain metabolites among healthy individuals and those with Parkinson's disease. It reported test-retest variability of metabolite ratios and provided sample-size recommendations for future studies. Notably, longer scan intervals increased intersession variability. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | biorxiv-preprint | 2026 |
| This study investigated the effects of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) on pyroptosis in BV2 microglial cells, specifically looking at cell viability and inflammatory markers. BV2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide and nigericin, followed by Tβ4 treatment. The results indicated a decrease in cell death and inflammatory markers with Tβ4 treatment compared to the pyroptosis group. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | europepmc | 2024 |