Grade B · human evidence, early3 peptides · 86 studies
Immune & thymic support sketch
Immune-modulation oriented protocol sketch around Thymosin Alpha-1, Sermorelin, and NAD+.
This is a description, not a protocol to follow
Everything below is a summary of what people report doing and what the literature contains. Nothing here is medical advice.
What the evidence actually supports
Supported in animals
Animal-model studies indexed · 23
Cell and in-vitro studies indexed · 21
Reviews and uncategorised studies · 15
Not established
Any effect in humans · 27 human studies indexed
Any benefit from combining them · no combination study in our index
Human dose, route or duration · no PK study indexed
Protocol details
The combination of Thymosin Alpha-1, Sermorelin, and NAD+ has not been studied together in published research. Each compound has been investigated separately, yielding various findings.
Thymosin Alpha-1 has been primarily explored as an adjunctive therapy in cancer care, with evidence largely derived from observational studies. However, the specifics of these studies, including safety and efficacy, were not detailed in the available literature [12].
Sermorelin has been evaluated in animal models, where it demonstrated significant wound healing capabilities, achieving 99.37% closure of large infected wounds in rats [3]. This suggests potential applications in enhancing tissue repair, although human data is lacking.
NAD+ has been the subject of multiple studies, including both animal and human research. In one study, higher levels of NAD in females were associated with reduced infection burdens during early life [5]. Additionally, a clinical trial involving nicotinamide riboside injections reported a 9.97% average daily increase in NAD+ levels, indicating a potential for metabolic health benefits [8]. However, the overall effectiveness and safety of NAD+ supplementation in humans remain to be fully established, as many studies call for further research [1][9].
In summary, while each compound has been investigated individually, there is no evidence from published studies that specifically examines the effects of the combination of Thymosin Alpha-1, Sermorelin, and NAD+.
Sources
[1] Bioactive vitamin E-NAD<sup>+</sup> conjugate nanoparticles for osteoarthritis management via simultaneous suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress. — Biomaterials, 2026 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2026.124606
[3] Photothermal-magnetic dual-activated Janus dressing for microenvironment purification and wireless electrically triggered healing with reduced scar formation. — Bioactive materials, 2026 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.08.012
[5] NAD metabolism mediates a sex-specific protection against early life infections — 2026 https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.19.760092
[8] Part 1 of a 2-part, open-label clinical trial evaluating repeated nicotinamide riboside parenteral administration: 3 consecutive days of intramuscular and subcutaneous injections — 2026 https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.12.26365345
[9] Part 2 of a 2-part open-label clinical trial evaluating repeated nicotinamide riboside parenteral administration: 90 days of at-home subcutaneous injections — 2026 https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.13.26365470
[12] Clinical Applications and Evidence Landscape of Thymosin Alpha 1 as an Immunomodulatory Adjunct in Cancer Care: A Scoping Review. — Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2026 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42797537/
Research & studies for this protocol
86 rows · showing 24Newest first
| Study | Compound | Source | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| This study evaluated a bioactive conjugate of vitamin E and NAD+ in the context of osteoarthritis management. The nanoparticles were tested in vitro on macrophages and rat chondrocytes, and in vivo in a spontaneous OA mouse model. Significant effects on inflammation and oxidative stress were observed. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study investigated the role of NAD metabolism in sex-specific immunity and infection outcomes in early life. It involved two cohorts of children and a piglet model, examining NAD levels and the effects of nicotinamide riboside supplementation. Results indicated higher NAD levels in females at birth correlated with reduced infection burdens, while males showed increased burdens. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | biorxiv-preprint | 2026 |
| This study analyzed 200 saliva samples from healthy controls, benign breast disease, and various stages of breast cancer to assess salivary response phenotypes using bacterial NAD(P)H:FMN oxidoreductase-luciferase kinetics. The analysis revealed distinct luminescence descriptors that differentiate between the groups. No therapeutic claims are made regarding the findings. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study investigates the effects of NADH-reductive stress and NADPH depletion in primary human fibroblasts and the role of a constitutively active Staphylococcus aureus NAD kinase (SaNADK) in restoring metabolic functions. The findings suggest that normalizing the NADH/NAD+ ratio alone is insufficient for cell proliferation recovery. The study also demonstrates that SaNADK can reverse proliferation arrest and senescence features in fibroblasts. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | PubMed | 2026 |
| This study reviews the role of NAD metabolism in cancer, focusing on its impact on cellular homeostasis and the potential for therapeutic targeting. It discusses the mechanisms by which cancer cells adapt their NAD production and the implications for treatment strategies. No specific numeric findings or experimental results are reported in the abstract. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | PubMed | 2026 |
| This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of repeated nicotinamide riboside (NR) injections in 39 participants over 3 consecutive days. Participants received either 50 mg or 100 mg doses via intramuscular or subcutaneous routes. The study reported that injections were well tolerated with no unexpected adverse events. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | biorxiv-preprint | 2026 |
| This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of repeated subcutaneous administration of nicotinamide riboside (NR) in participants over 90 days. Participants self-administered either 50 or 100 mg of NR three times weekly. The study reported no clear dose-dependent safety concerns and observed exploratory physiological effects. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | biorxiv-preprint | 2026 |
| Not reported in abstract. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | PubMed | 2026 |
| Not reported in abstract. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | PubMed | 2026 |
| This scoping review evaluated the clinical applications and evidence landscape of Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) as an adjunctive therapy in cancer care. It synthesized data from 26 clinical publications primarily focused on various cancer types, with Tα1 administered mainly at a dose of 1.6 mg via subcutaneous injection. The review highlighted the predominance of observational studies and case reports, with inconsistent safety reporting. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | PubMed | 2026 |
| The study investigates the role of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) in adipose group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the context of high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. It was found that ACC1 deletion impairs ILC2 function, leading to adipose tissue hypertrophy and inflammation. Supplementation with nicotinamide riboside was shown to restore ILC2 function. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | PubMed | 2026 |
| This study measured the effects of long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment on lifespan and healthspan in male and female mice. NMN increased median lifespan by 8.5% in females and reduced frailty in both sexes. The study also noted sex-specific effects on metabolic health and physical activity. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | biorxiv-preprint | 2023 |
| This study investigated the role of SIRT3 in procoagulant platelet formation using platelets from Sirt3 knockout mice and littermate controls. The findings indicated that SIRT3 does not alter mitochondrial respiration or procoagulant platelet generation in response to agonist stimulation. No specific dose was reported. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| The review discusses the FDA approval of 46 drug marketing applications in 2025, focusing on 31 small molecule drugs. It highlights advancements in drug design technologies and the significance of me-too drugs in enhancing potency and development efficiency. The paper aims to provide insights into the development processes of these drugs for future research inspiration. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| The study investigated nicotinamide-derived carbon dots (NAM-CDs) for targeted photothermal therapy in cancer. NAM-CDs showed enhanced binding to Ki67, a tumor marker, and demonstrated effective tumor ablation in vivo. Complete tumor regression was observed over a 30-day period following laser irradiation. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| The study developed a mitochondria-targeted nano-enhancer to modulate energy metabolism in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroids for bone regeneration. The nano-enhancer shifts MSC metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, enhancing osteogenic capacity in vitro and bone regeneration in a rat model. The approach involves a self-amplifying NAD+ feedback loop activated by a PQQ cofactor. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| Not reported in abstract. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | PubMed | 2026 |
| This study investigates a broad-host-range phage, vB_KP_P4, that targets 109 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, including multidrug-resistant isolates. The research identifies three phage-encoded genes linked to its ability to infect diverse strains. The deletion of these genes reduced the host range significantly. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study evaluated a Janus dressing designed for wound healing and scar reduction. The dressing was tested in a rat model and achieved 99.37% closure of infected full-thickness wounds. The dressing utilized electrical stimulation and antibacterial properties to enhance healing. | Sermorelin | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study characterized the complete mitochondrial genomes of four non-native freshwater snail taxa in Australia and one potential invader species. Using long-read sequencing, 15 complete mitogenomes were assembled and compared across three snail families. The findings provide molecular references for biosecurity and vector surveillance efforts. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| This narrative review evaluates the potential of berberine (BBR) as a therapeutic candidate for multiple sclerosis (MS) by examining preclinical evidence from animal models. BBR has shown to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote remyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and cuprizone-induced demyelination models. The review highlights the need for clinical trials to validate these findings. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study evaluated the efficacy of tannins as silage additives to inhibit protein deamination during ensiling through a meta-analysis and in silico approach. The meta-analysis showed significant reductions in NH₃-N, non-protein nitrogen, and soluble nitrogen concentrations with tannin supplementation. Molecular docking simulations identified terflavin B as the most stable ligand with the lowest binding free energy. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| A high-purity mogroside ingredient containing siamenoside I was evaluated for safety and genotoxicity using in vitro assays and animal studies. No biologically-relevant mutagenic or genotoxic effects were observed at concentrations up to 5000 µg/mL. The NOAEL was determined to be 50,000 ppm in both 28-day and 90-day studies in rats. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| The study reports on the directed evolution of an alcohol oxidase from Gloeophyllum trabeum, resulting in a variant with improved catalytic efficiency and formaldehyde tolerance. The optimized enzyme, GtAOX_M3, shows a sixfold increase in catalytic efficiency and enhanced performance in methanol bioconversion. It facilitates the conversion of methanol to dihydroxyacetone and ethylene glycol in multienzyme systems. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |