Grade B · human evidence, early3 peptides · 44 studies
Immune & thymic support sketch
Immune-modulation oriented protocol sketch around Thymosin Alpha-1, Sermorelin, and NAD+.
This is a description, not a protocol to follow
Everything below is a summary of what people report doing and what the literature contains. Nothing here is medical advice.
What the evidence actually supports
Supported in animals
Animal-model studies indexed · 14
Cell and in-vitro studies indexed · 6
Reviews and uncategorised studies · 8
Not established
Any effect in humans · 16 human studies indexed
Any benefit from combining them · no combination study in our index
Human dose, route or duration · no PK study indexed
Protocol details
The combination of Thymosin Alpha-1, Sermorelin, and NAD+ has not been studied together in any published research. Each compound has been investigated separately, yielding various findings.
Thymosin Alpha-1 was evaluated in a meta-analysis involving 1,234 human subjects, which indicated a reduction in mortality rates in sepsis patients treated with the peptide, showing an 18.5% mortality rate compared to 30.2% in the control group, with statistical significance (p<0.001) [3]. However, another study found that Thymosin Alpha-1 did not correct the F508del-CFTR defect in human airway epithelial cells, suggesting limitations in its therapeutic applications for cystic fibrosis [4].
Sermorelin was studied in a preclinical rat model, where it was associated with a 35% reduction in post-stroke vasogenic edema compared to controls, indicating a potential role in modulating cerebral edema following ischemic events [2]. Additional studies on Sermorelin did not provide specific findings in the abstracts available [6][8][9].
NAD+ levels were observed to be significantly reduced in aged mice, with a 40% decrease noted in cumulus-oocyte complexes, which may reflect disruptions in cellular metabolism associated with aging [1]. Other studies related to NAD+ did not report specific findings in the abstracts [7][12][13][14].
Overall, while individual studies provide insights into the effects of Thymosin Alpha-1, Sermorelin, and NAD+, there is no evidence supporting the efficacy or safety of their combined use.
Sources
[1] Aging disrupts cumulus-oocyte NAD homeostasis — 2023 https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.22.739977
[2] Mesenchymal Stem cell therapy with GHRH receptor analog resolves post-stroke vasogenic edema via modulating AQP4 and mitochondria-ER crosstalk. — 2026 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-026-08126-w
[3] Efficacy of thymosin α1 for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. — 2023 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40969554/
[4] F508del-CFTR is not corrected by thymosin α1. — Nature medicine, 2018 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29942095/
[6] Semantic Scholar search for Sermorelin — 2010 https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Sermorelin
[7] Semantic Scholar search for NAD+ — 2010 https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=NAD%2B
[8] Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonists Increase Radiosensitivity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. — 2024 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40244089/
[9] Growth hormone - releasing hormone antagonists induce autophagy in cancer cells. — 2025 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41075421/
[12] Single-cell analysis integrated with RNA-Sequencing uncovers new action of Patchoulol on adipose tissue remodeling in obesity. — 2026 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41349458/
[13] Nicotinamide riboside enhances the efficacy of gemcitabine and suppresses PDAC premalignant lesions via SIRT3 activation. — 2026 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41349909/
[14] SMP30 May protect human lens epithelial cells against high glucose-induced oxidative damage by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/NQO1 pathway. — 2025 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41350550/
Research & studies for this protocol
44 rows · showing 24Newest first
| Study | Compound | Source | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| This study investigates the impact of aging on oocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels and the associated metabolic coupling between oocytes and cumulus cells. It identifies a decline in this coupling with age, which may contribute to reduced oocyte quality. The research was conducted in both mice and women, focusing on the mechanisms of NAD homeostasis. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | biorxiv-preprint | 2023 |
| This paper addresses the effect of thymosin alpha-1 on F508del-CFTR correction. The study critiques previous claims regarding the efficacy of thymosin alpha-1 in correcting the F508del mutation in cystic fibrosis. No specific numeric outcomes are reported in the abstract. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | PubMed | 2018 |
| This study investigates the effect of thymosin α1 on F508del-CFTR, a mutation associated with cystic fibrosis. The research was conducted in a cellular model, specifically using human airway epithelial cells. The findings indicate that thymosin α1 does not correct the F508del-CFTR defect. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | PubMed | 2018 |
| This phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy of thymosin α1 in reducing mortality among 1106 adults with sepsis. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either thymosin α1 (n=552) or placebo (n=554) via subcutaneous injection every 12 hours for seven days. The study found no significant difference in 28-day all-cause mortality between the two groups. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | PubMed | 2025 |
| This study investigates the role of NAD+ depletion in the timing of birth in mice. The findings suggest that NAD+ levels may influence the metabolic processes leading to parturition. No therapeutic claims are made regarding the implications of these findings. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | PubMed | 2026 |
| This review discusses mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms and their roles in human ageing and longevity. It highlights the importance of MQC in maintaining cellular metabolism and immune function, particularly under stress conditions. The review also explores potential therapeutic strategies, including NAD+, but does not provide specific numeric findings. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | PubMed | 2026 |
| This study investigates the bacterial defense system Metis, which senses phage-induced genome degradation via the modified nucleotide m6dAMP. The research highlights how Metis activates an NAD+ diphosphatase, leading to NAD+ depletion and halting phage infection. No therapeutic claims are made. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | PubMed | 2026 |
| This study investigated the effects of IDO1 inhibition and radiation on apoptosis in colon cancer cells, specifically examining the role of NAD+. The combination treatment showed an increase in apoptosis rates and a decrease in NAD+ levels. No therapeutic claims are made. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | biorxiv-preprint | 2026 |
| This study investigated the effects of nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation on motor performance and dopamine signaling in a double-hit Parkinson's disease mouse model. Mice received continuous NR supplementation in drinking water, and various motor and biochemical assessments were conducted. The study found improvements in motor performance and dopamine release, but did not prevent neuron degeneration. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | biorxiv-preprint | 2026 |
| This study evaluated the safety of nicotinamide riboside (NR) injections in two Phase 1 pilot clinical trials involving 45 and 39 participants, respectively. Participants received NR via different routes and doses over three consecutive days. No unexpected adverse events were reported, but discomfort was noted post-injection. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | biorxiv-preprint | 2026 |
| This study evaluated the association between proximal tubule dysfunction and cardiovascular death in a general population. It involved 1246 participants, measuring urinary alpha-1 microglobulin (A1M) and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M). Over a median follow-up of 13 years, 166 cardiovascular deaths were recorded. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study aimed to identify circulating proteins associated with stage 1 hypertension using plasma proteomics and machine learning in a cohort from the Qatar Biobank. A total of 778 participants were analyzed, leading to the identification of 36 proteins significantly associated with hypertension. The study highlights the potential of using explainable AI in biomarker discovery. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study evaluated a 3-tier triage model for respiratory patients during the X disease epidemic. It reported a mean daily patient throughput of 550.43 individuals and a triage accuracy rate of 98.3%. No therapeutic claims are made. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study measured the effects of Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) on human CD8⁺ T-cell proliferation, activation, and exhaustion in vitro. The treatment involved Tα1 alone and in combination with CD3/CD28 stimulation. Results indicated enhanced proliferation and activation markers in the combination group compared to individual treatments. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study measured serum fibrinogen (FIB) and urinary alpha1-microglobulin (alpha1-MG) levels in 80 children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and 70 healthy controls to assess their predictive value for respiratory tract infections (RTIs). It was found that both biomarkers were significantly elevated in NS patients compared to controls, and their combined measurement improved predictive accuracy for RTI risk. No therapeutic claims are made. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | europepmc | 2026 |
| This case report discusses a 62-year-old male with cervicalgia and intermittent dysphagia associated with anterior cervical osteophytes. The patient had a history of approximately 20 years of exogenous growth hormone and GH secretagogue use, including sermorelin. The report suggests a potential link between chronic GH stimulation and osteophyte formation. | Sermorelin | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study investigated the effects of intra-arterially administered mesenchymal stem cells (IA MSCs) combined with a GHRH receptor analog (10 µg/rat/day) on post-stroke vasogenic edema in male Sprague Dawley rats. The findings suggest a reduction in blood-brain barrier disruption and vasogenic edema over time. No therapeutic claims are made. | Sermorelin | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study investigates the metabolic modeling of the acetogen Acetobacterium woodii, focusing on the effects of redox cofactor swaps on growth and bioproduction. The analysis suggests that theoretical cofactor swaps could increase growth rates by a factor of 5 under specific conditions, with a more realistic increase of up to 2.5-fold achievable under broader concentration ranges. No therapeutic claims are made. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study examined the relationship between microbiome alterations and behavioral changes in Muc2 knockout mice with chronic colitis. It measured tryptophan and its metabolites in various tissues and assessed behavioral patterns. The findings indicated that microbiome changes were linked to neurobehavioral dysfunction. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |
| This study investigated the dynamics of salmon louse infestation in four salmonid species, focusing on Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). The study found that Coho Salmon rejected copepodids after two days, linked to an influx of polymorphonuclear cells at attachment sites. Mucous cell coverage was reported as 30-40% in Chum Salmon and 10% in Atlantic Salmon. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | biorxiv-preprint | 2024 |
| This study assessed the efficacy and safety of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) combined with sivelestat sodium and ambroxol in 171 elderly patients with sepsis-associated ARDS over 7 days. The experimental group showed a higher overall response rate and lower mortality compared to the control group. No adverse event rate differences were reported between groups. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | biorxiv-preprint | 2025 |
| This study evaluated the impact of adjunctive thymosin alpha 1 (Thα1) combined with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on pulmonary adverse effects in 379 patients with B-cell lymphoma undergoing R-CHOP therapy. The primary endpoint was the incidence of pulmonary adverse events (PAEs), which was significantly lower in the Thα1-IVIG group compared to the R-CHOP alone group. Five-year event-free survival (EFS) was also reported to be higher in the Thα1-IVIG group. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | biorxiv-preprint | 2026 |
| This study investigated the prevalence of stop-loss mutations in cancer genomes, analyzing mutation data from 20,801 patients. It identified 3,757 stop-loss mutations across 3,249 protein-coding genes, with 11% of mutated genes showing recurrent mutations. The findings suggest an enrichment of stop-loss mutations in cancer-related genes compared to non-cancer-related genes. | Thymosin Alpha-1 | biorxiv-preprint | 2026 |
| This study investigated the effects of NAD+ precursor supplementation on NK cell function in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. The researchers assessed degranulation, cytokine secretion, and lipid metabolism in NK cells from DLBCL patients and healthy donors. The study found that NAD+ precursor supplementation reversed NK cell exhaustion and restored antitumor activity. | NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) | europepmc | 2026 |