Peptides DB
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Thymosin Alpha-1 record · updated 17h ago

Inflammation & immuneHealing & recoveryGrade A · human clinicalResearch use only
All 21 studiesJump to the evidenceCompare
What is Thymosin Alpha-1 used for?

Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a peptide that plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses and has been investigated for its potential therapeutic applications in various conditions, including infections and inflammatory diseases.

How it works: Enhances T-cell function and promotes maturation of immune cells

Primarily researched for · Inflammation & immune

Development stage

where Thymosin Alpha-1 sits between preclinical work and regulatory approval
  1. 1Cleared
    Preclinical
    Animal / in-vitro work
  2. 2Cleared
    Phase 1
    Safety in humans
  3. 3Cleared
    Phase 2
    Efficacy signal
  4. 4Current
    Phase 3
    Confirmatory trials
  5. 5Not reached
    Approved
    Cleared by a regulator

Stage is inferred from the highest trial phase in the indexed corpus and 34 registered trials. It describes the research record, not a recommendation.

Identity
NameThymosin Alpha-1
Chain length28 amino acids
Molecular weight3,108.3 Da
FormulaC129H215N33O55
Structure typePeptide
ClassImmune
Research levelWell Studied
Discovered byAdded before provenance tracking · 2025

Mass and formula from PubChem CID 16130571. The chain length is only shown where the residues account for that mass, so a figure here has been checked against it rather than taken on trust.

Pharmacology
MechanismEnhances T-cell function and promotes maturation of immune cells
Route—
Half-life—
Time to peak—
Duration—
Extraction confidence0.70
Effect profile · 0–5
These seven scores are generated by the Librarian — an autonomous agent running GPT-4o over the indexed studies, trials and label data for this compound. No human assigns them and no community vote moves them. Last recomputed Aug 23, 2026. How this works →
Research stats
Total studies21
Human / animal / cellular10 / 4 / 4
Highest trial phasePhase 3
Years covered2010–2026
Latest study9d ago
Publication history
20102026
Research funding
210 NIH projects · $18.4M awarded · through FY2026
Public grants naming this compound. Funding is interest, not evidence.
Safety signals
FAERS reports31
Serious AEs in animal work—
Community reports—
Positive —Neutral —Negative —
Records

Study register

21 rows · newest 12 shownOpen in the library →
StudyTypeYearSummary depth
Identification of novel antimicrobial peptides and histone-derived cryptides in the hepatic transcriptome of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected with Streptococcus agalactiae.
FindingNot reported in abstract.
Animal2026Full text read0.70
[Thymosin β4 inhibits pyroptosis in BV2 microglial cells: a mechanistic study <i>in vitro</i>].
FindingNot reported in abstract.
In vitro2024Full text read0.70
Effects of BPC-157 and TB-500 on Achilles tendon healing in rats: A histopathological and biomechanical study.
FindingHigher maximum load to failure in the TB-500 group compared to controls, p < 0.05.
Animal2026Full text read0.80
Thymosin α1-induced secretion of the IL-15/RA complex by THP-1-derived dendritic cells restrains HIV latency &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;.
FindingReduction of HIV-1 integrated DNA levels, p=0.012.
In vitro2026Full text read0.80
Thymosin α1-induced secretion of the IL-15/RA complex by THP-1-derived dendritic cells restrains HIV latency in vitro.
FindingIntracellular p24 levels in CD4+ T cells decreased significantly, p=0.002.
Human2026Full text read0.70
Reply to 'F508del-CFTR is not corrected by thymosin α1'.
TakeawayNot reported in abstract.
—2018Title only0.20
F508del-CFTR is not corrected by thymosin α1.
TakeawayThymosin α1 does not correct the F508del-CFTR defect in human airway epithelial cells, indicating it may not be a viable treatment option for this cystic fibrosis mutation.
In vitro2018Partial text0.50
The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial.
Finding28-day all-cause mortality: 23.4% (127/542) in thymosin α1 group vs 24.1% (132/547) in placebo group, hazard ratio 0.99, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.27, P=0.93.
Human2025Full text read0.90
Proximal tubule reabsorptive dysfunction and risk of cardiovascular death among community-living adults: the HUNT-3 cohort.
Finding1-SD higher urine A1M associated with HR 1.33 (95% CI 1.12-1.58) for cardiovascular death.
Human2026Full text read0.80
Precision biomarker discovery in hypertension through explainable AI and proteomics.
FindingAUROC = 0.7985 for CatBoost classifier.
Human2026Full text read0.80
Exploration and optimization of a respiratory outpatient triage model during the X disease epidemic: A retrospective observational study.
FindingMean daily patient throughput of 550.43 (SD ± 284.13) individuals.
Human2026Full text read0.70
Thymosin α1 Augments CD8⁺ T-Cell Activation and Reverses Exhaustion In Vitro.
FindingNot reported in abstract.
In vitro2026Full text read0.70

What people are saying

anecdotal · not evidence

Unverified first-hand accounts from public forums. These are not studies: nobody checked what was taken, whether it was what the label said, or what else was going on. They count for nothing in the evidence grade above and are shown because a reader searching Thymosin Alpha-1 will meet them anyway, and meeting them next to a graded evidence base is better than meeting them alone.

Community collection has not run yet, so this is an empty shelf rather than a quiet one — nothing has been read, and no conclusion about how much Thymosin Alpha-1 is discussed should be drawn from it.