Intermittent fasting to treat diabetes: time to update clinical practice guidelines.
Intermittent fasting may help reduce HbA1c levels in adults with type 2 diabetes and should be considered as a lifestyle option in clinical practice.
Where it sits
this study against the rest of the glutathione (gsh) corpusSummary and findings
This paper reviews the evidence for intermittent fasting in managing diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. It reports reductions in HbA1c by 0.3-1.2% and improvements in fasting glucose and body weight compared to usual eating patterns. The authors suggest that intermittent fasting should be included in clinical practice guidelines for type 2 diabetes management.
Abstract
Intermittent fasting is now the third most commonly practiced diet in the USA. Yet, despite more than 225 clinical trials-including nearly 40 in patients with diabetes or prediabetes-intermittent fasting has not yet been recommended as part of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Care or the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Global Clinical Practice Recommendations. In this Personal View, we start by synthesising evidence from trials in patients with type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, prediabetes, and gestational diabetes. In adults with type 2 diabetes, diverse types of intermittent fasting, such as time-restricted eating, the 5:2 diet, and the fasting mimicking diet, reduce HbA<sub>1c</sub> (typically by 0·3-1·2%), fasting glucose, 24-h glucose, and bodyweight relative to usual eating patterns. Moreover, intermittent fasting is as effective as calorie restriction for improving glycaemic control and does not increase the risk of hypoglycaemia when medications are adjusted using simple rules. Intermittent fasting might also reduce glycaemia in adults with prediabetes, whereas there are insufficient data to recommend its use in people with type 1 or gestational diabetes. Therefore, we argue that the evidence base has sufficiently matured to warrant including intermittent fasting in clinical practice guidelines as one of several evidence-based lifestyle options for type 2 diabetes. We also provide practical guidance for clinicians on prescribing intermittent fasting and safely managing people with diabetes.
Background
Not reported in abstract.
Methods
Not reported in abstract.
Results
Not reported in abstract.
Interpretation
Not reported in abstract.
Limitations
Not reported in abstract.