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Influence of manufacturing protocol, polishing, and thermocycling on water contact angle and hardness of zirconia: Comparison of additive and subtractive techniques.
Tri-Heal Max Protocol · The Journal of prosthetic dentistry · 2026 · Observational
The manufacturing protocol significantly affects the water contact angle and hardness of zirconia, especially before polishing, but differences diminish after polishing.
P<.001 for interaction between manufacturing protocol and processing stage.