Avian paramyxovirus type 1-associated severe pneumonia in humans: Molecular characterization and zoonotic transmission risk.
APMV-1 can potentially cause severe pneumonia in humans, highlighting the need for better surveillance of zoonotic diseases.
Where it sits
this study against the rest of the melanotan i (mt-i) corpusSummary and findings
A 65-year-old male with severe pneumonia was analyzed after contact with sick backyard chickens. The study identified APMV-1 nucleic acid and high IgG titers in human specimens. High viral loads were also confirmed in chicken and environmental samples.
Abstract
<h4>Background</h4>Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1, Newcastle disease virus) is a major poultry pathogen. Human infections are rare and typically self-limiting, but its potential to cause severe respiratory disease and the mechanisms underlying cross-species transmission remain understudied.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed a 65-year-old male with severe pneumonia who had contact with sick backyard feeder chickens. Immunocompetence was evaluated via routine blood tests and serum immunoglobulin levels. mNGS identified 40 APMV-1 sequence reads (50.6% microbial abundance) covering 10.78% of the genome. APMV-1 nucleic acid, antigen, and high IgG titers were detected in human specimens. High viral loads were confirmed in chicken and environmental samples. Phylogenetic analysis classified the strain as Class I genotype 1.1.2 1b, genetically identical to poultry-derived viruses, suggesting a potential avian-to-human transmission.<h4>Results</h4>mNGS identified 40 APMV-1 sequence reads (50.6% microbial abundance) covering 10.78% of the genome. APMV-1 nucleic acid, antigen, and high IgG titers were detected in human specimens. High viral loads were confirmed in chicken and environmental samples. Phylogenetic analysis classified the strain as Class I genotype 1.1.2 1b, genetically identical to poultry-derived viruses, providing molecular clues for zoonotic infection.<h4>Conclusions</h4>APMV-1 Class I genotype 1.1.2 1b can cross the species barrier and cause life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompetent humans. Our findings highlight its underrecognized zoonotic potential, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance in avian and human populations and research into determinants of cross-species pathogenicity.